1. b) Charles Darwin
2. a) All individuals in a population
3. c) Charles Darwin
4. c) Inheritance of acquired characteristics
5. b) Genetic drift
6. c) The divergence of a single species into multiple niches
7. b) The total genetic information in a population at a specific time
8. b) Gradualism
9. d) Human arm and whale flipper
10. b) Ability to adapt to any environment
11. c) Use and disuse of traits
12. b) Speciation
13. c) Reproductive success and passing on of genes
14. a) Punctuated equilibrium
15. d) It can lead to the loss of rare alleles in a population.
16. c) Gene flow
17. c) Proportion of a specific allele in a population's gene pool
18. c) Provides the raw material for natural selection to work on
19. a) Genetic drift
20. c) It can lead to the evolution of traits that enhance mating success.
21. b) Artificial selection
22. d) Limit interbreeding between populations
23. a) Mendelian genetics
24. b) To generate new genetic variation within a population
25. b) Convergent evolution
26. a) Homologous structures
27. c) They are remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestral species.
28. b) Biogeography
29. c) Reproductive success and passing on of genes
30. b) Adaptation is the result of natural selection acting on heritable traits.
31. c) Variation in traits and selective pressures from the environment
32. a) Acquired traits are inherited by offspring.
33. b) A large population suddenly decreases in size due to a catastrophic event.
34. b) Divergent evolution
35. c) Gradualism
36. b) They have evolved genetic mutations that confer resistance.
37. b) All species share a common ancestor.
38. b) Genetic drift
39. d) The relative reproductive success of different genetic variants in a population
40. c) It is driven by similar environmental pressures acting on unrelated species.
41. b) It provides the raw material upon which natural selection acts.
42. a) New species arise from existing ones
43. d) Natural selection
44. b) Analogous structures
45. a) Artificial selection is driven by humans, while natural selection is driven by the environment.
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